How do you debug a script file that is executed using NodeJS?

node --inspect --debug-brk index.js

Read more: https://medium.com/@paul_irish/debugging-node-js-nightlies-with-chrome-devtools-7c4a1b95ae27

What is Bash in Linux?

A nice article on Shell, Bourne Shell, Bourne again Shell that explains as simple as "Shell is the glue between you and the Kernell.". A must read: http://www.macdevcenter.com/pub/a/mac/2004/02/24/bash.html